杨树越冬期间储藏蛋白质的动态变化规律

为了探索营养储藏蛋白质在杨树体内的积累机制和生理功能,采用凝胶电泳SDS-PAGE,对1年生797杨Populus deltoids×P.euramericana越冬期间皮层和根部中的蛋白质质量分数及营养储藏蛋白质组分进行了测定分析。结果表明,这些部位中的蛋白质在越冬期间质量分数逐渐增加;皮层是杨树越冬期间储藏蛋白质的主要场所。越冬期间储藏蛋白质组分变化最明显的是36,32,22,15 kD等蛋白;落叶时蛋白谱带最清晰,36和32 kD蛋白质是杨树营养储藏蛋白质的主要类型。图3参11     

水稻叶面积指数和叶片生化成分的光谱法研究

利用光谱仪通过大田试验和室内测量不同氮素水平及不同时期水稻叶片的光谱反射率，测算叶面积指数LAI；利用生化方法测量相应叶片的叶绿素含量，蛋白质含量和纤维素含量；在此基础上分析了水稻叶面积指数与光谱变量，叶片生化成分与光谱变量及叶面积指数之间的相关性。结果表明；水稻叶面积指数与比值植被拽数RVI及归一化差值植被指数NDVI呈显著相关，不同氮素水平的水稻叶片的叶绿素，蛋白质及纤维素含量与LAI之间的R^2在抽穗期均达到0.75以上，其中叶绿素，纤维素含量与光谱变量的相关达显著水平，不同时期纤维素与光谱变量及LAI之间相关达显著水平，从而证明通过光谱法可以推算水稻叶片的叶绿素含量，蛋白质含量和纤维素含量。     

平原水网水体富营养化的限制因子研究

研究了光照、温度、营养(N,P)对平原水网水体藻类生长的影响.结果表明:在1 000～5 000 lx光强范围内,藻类的生长数量随光强的增加而呈对数关系增加,4 000 lx是最适宜的培养光照.在15～30 ℃区间内,藻类的生长数量也随着温度升高而增加,30 ℃是较适宜的温度.且温度的影响大于光照.水中T-P在0.1～0.75 mg/L范围内,随T-P浓度的提高,藻类数量呈对数关系增加,而水中T-N 浓度的变化对藻类生长的影响不是很明显.当水中T-P>0.5 mg/L、T-N>1.0 mg/L时,就能满足藻类大量增殖的需要,其中磷对藻类的影响大于氮.     

Effect of different drip irrigation methods and fertilization on growth,physiology and water use of young apple tree

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of three drip irrigation methods (i.e. conventional drip irrigation (CDI), both sides of the root-zone irrigated with full watering, alternate drip irrigation (ADI), both sides of the root-zone irrigated alternatively with half of the full watering, and fixed drip irrigation (FDI), only one side of the root-zone irrigated with half of the full watering) on growth, physiology, root hydraulic conductance and water use of young apple tree under different nitrogen (N) or phosphorus (P) fertilization (i.e. CK (no fertilization), N₁ (0.2 g N/kg), N₂ (0.4 g N/kg), P₁ (0.2 g P₂O₅/kg) and P₂ (0.4 g P₂O₅/kg)). Results show that compared to CDI, ADI and FDI reduced mean root dry mass, daily transpiration, root hydraulic conductance (K_r), leaf photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of young apple tree by 6.9 and 27.7, 29.3 and 45.0, 6.8 and 37.9, 2.5 and 4.8, 32.6 and 33.0, 22.1 and 22.3%, but increased leaf water use efficiency (WUE) by 31.3 and 29.8%, respectively when they saved irrigation water by 50%. Compared to the CK, N or P fertilization significantly increased K_r, and K_r was increased with the increased N or P fertilization level. There were parabolic correlations between K_r and root dry mass, daily transpiration and stomatal conductance. Our results indicate that ADI reduced transpiration rate significantly, but it did not reduce photosynthesis rate and K_r significantly, thus alternate drip irrigation improved WUE and the regulation ability of water balance in plants.     

Estimated nitrogen use efficiency,surplus, and partitioning in young apple trees grown in varied organic production systems

A certified organic apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) orchard was established to study the interaction of ground cover management systems (GMS) and nutrient sources (NS) on nitrogen (N) use efficiency and N surplus in the Southern U.S. for three years. Trees treated with green compost (GC) and wood chips (WC), regardless of the NS, had greater N accumulation and leaf N use efficiency compared to the shredded paper or mow-and-blow treated trees. The WC-treated trees had comparably low N surplus relative to the GC trees that induced more [NO₃⁻] in soil or soil solution in the rooting zone in September in year 3. GC trees had the highest [NO₃⁻] mineralization in the soil during winter. GMS had greater overall effects on the tree response variables than did the NS.     

滴灌土壤水分运动研究进展

滴灌土壤水分运动的研究对于滴灌系统的合理设计有着重要的理论和现实意义。在国内外研究的基础上,概括了在滴灌条件下土壤水分运动规律及其影响因素、湿润体浸润形状、湿润锋的运移规律、点源入渗的几个经典模型及各自的优缺点等方面的研究现状。在此基础上,进一步探讨了滴灌土壤水分运动研究中还存在的问题,如滴灌点源交叉区域内的土壤水分变...     

Origin软件在研究市售滴灌产品水力性能中的应用

滴灌是一种受到广泛关注的低压节水灌溉技术,滴灌产品作为承栽该技术的载体,其质量直接影响了滴灌技术的推广。通常那些制造偏差小、流量均匀度高、抗堵塞性能强、单位成本低的滴灌产品才能得到更广泛的应用。采用最小二乘法,使用origin软件对市售的4种主要滴灌产品压力一流量关系进行拟合计算,结果表明：使用该软件拟合的流量及水利性...     

滴灌下不同供磷方式对马铃薯生长的影响

通过盆栽试验,研究了在滴灌施肥条件下不同供磷方式对马铃薯生长、产量、品质的影响。结果表明,施磷处理马铃薯的生物学产量显著高于不施磷处理,而不同供磷方式对马铃薯生物学产量的差异不显著;滴施磷肥处理有利于提高马铃薯块茎中的磷质量浓度;马铃薯块茎产量以50%磷肥基施、50%磷肥分10次追施的处理最高,且其商品薯率也最高,达到88.96%,比不施磷肥的对照处理高出6.54%;不同供磷方式对马铃薯块茎中的淀粉含量、干物质含量等品质指标的影响表现为差异不显著。     

土壤盐分与灌溉水质对滴灌棉花出苗率的影响

试验研究了灌溉水质与土壤初始含盐率对滴灌棉花出苗率的影响.试验结果表明,土壤不舍盐时,灌溉水质d对内行棉花出苗率影响不显著,对外行棉花出苗率影响显著;自来水处理的内行与外行棉花出苗率均大于微成水处理;在4种微咸水中,EC小的水质对应的出苗率高,EC值相同时,SAR值小的内行出苗率高,SAR值大的外行出苗率高.当土壤舍盐...     

Effect of tile effluent on nutrient concentration and retention efficiency in agricultural drainage ditches

Tile drainage is a common water management practice in many agricultural landscapes in the Midwestern United States. Drainage ditches regularly receive water from agricultural fields through these tile drains. This field-scale study was conducted to determine the impact of tile discharge on ambient nutrient concentration, nutrient retention and transport in drainage ditches. Grab water samples were collected during three flow regimes for the determination of soluble phosphorus (SP), ammonium nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO₃-N) concentrations and their retention in three drainage ditches. Measured nutrient concentration indicated lower SP and NH₄⁺-N, and greater NO₃-N concentrations in tile effluents compared to the ditch water. Net uptake lengths were relatively long, especially for NO₃-N, indicating that nutrients were generally not assimilated efficiently in these drainage systems. Results also indicated that the study reaches were very dynamic showing alternating increases or decreases in nutrient concentration across the flow regimes. The drainage ditches appeared to be nutrient-rich streams that could potentially influence the quality of downstream waters.